【禁聞】開發怒江 專家解讀各方利益

【新唐人2011年3月25日訊】中共能源局官員放出口風說要開發怒江後，引起了很多專家學者的反對，有專家從政界、商界和學術界，分析了促成怒江開發的原因，專家表示，開發怒江，從地方政府的稅收和GDP上顯得有利，但民眾的生活、土地卻必須遭到犧牲。請看詳細報導。

怒江作為中國西南部最後一個還沒有興建水壩的原始生態流域，坐落在歐亞板塊和印度洋板塊的結合部，這一區域目前屬於地震高發期。長期研究中國地質、水利工程和西南地礦等多個領域的專家學者們，在媒體上紛紛闡述反對在怒江上建水壩的觀點和理由。

而在怒江上建水電站的提案曾一度被擱置了6年多，現在為甚麼又被提出來了呢？四川地礦局總工程師範曉認為，上馬一個大的工程，對政府的好處主要體現在：大陸考核與提陞官員的重要指標GDP，和地方政府的稅收上。

四川地礦局總工程師範曉：“這麼大工程，從地方政府來說，一個是它的GDP，最重要的是它的財政收入。我們僅從GDP來考慮，它肯定會帶來短期的好處的。建設期它要交稅，那麼建設後它要運行，也要交稅，那麼這個稅收對它每年是很可觀的。”

據海外媒體的披露，大陸一個工程中三分之一到三分之二的經費，是落在各級開發商的層層轉手倒賣上。

範曉：“開發商當然也是得利的，開發商一個項目拿下來以後就會獲得銀行的貸款，貸款以後他作為一個總的承包商，他就會在這個工程的發放過程中獲得非常大的利益，至於以後的問題他是不會管你的。”

官商的聯合一般就能達到他們的目地，那為甚麼還有一些在水電工程領域裡名聲很大的學者專家也參與進來、舉手贊同呢？

範曉：“這些專家都是給他們水電開發商做相應的評估啊、環評啊，他們很多項目的錢都是開發商給。在以前的很多項目，這些專家都是作為開發商的委託方來做很多工作的，他們就是長期以來都有很好的合作關係的。”

範曉表示，開發怒江會給當地居民帶來很大的影響。由於怒江流域兩岸山陡坡急，近幾十年，原本世代在高山上居住的傈僳族和怒族人民，逐漸遷徙到沿江兩岸、土地最肥沃的河谷地帶。要修怒江水壩，就要淹沒當地主要的良田和人口最密集的住地。本來從山上搬下來的人有些要往回搬，這樣對生態會造成破壞。如果幾萬人搬到外地去，從已知的移民獲得的實際補償來看，他們的命運和生活會完全改變。

新唐人記者趙心知、王明宇採訪報導。

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Analyzing the Nujiang Project

Officials of China's National Energy Administration

revealed their plan to exploit Nujiang, which caused

objections from many experts and scholars.

Some experts analyzed factors which precipitate

Nujiang hydro plan, from political, business

and academic perspectives. These experts said,

to exploit Nujiang will be beneficial to local revenue

and GDP growth, but it will be at the cost

of people's daily life and land.

Nujiang is the only primeval watershed ecosystem

whithout hydroelectric stations in Southwest China.

Located at Eurasian & Indian Ocean junction plates,

it is currently facing high risk of earthquakes.

Experts and scholars studying China』s geology,

hydro projects, southwestern mineralogy, etc.,

expressed to the press their reasons and opinions

against the Nujiang hydro project.

Then why China's authorities now resume the

Nujiang hydro project after it has been shelved for

more than 6 years? Fan Xiao, Chief Engineer at

Sichuan Geology and Mineralogy Bureau believes

that as major project, it can benefit the GDP growth,

which is a critical factor in evaluating and elevating

Chinese officials, as well as the local revenue.

Fan Xiao: "Being such a huge project from the local

government's standpoint, it will increase its GDP

and more importantly, its revenue. If we consider

only the GDP, it will surely bring short-term benefits.

Also, the annual revenue from its construction stage

to running stage is considerable too."

Uncovered by foreign media, about 1/3 to 2/3

of a project fund in China is retained by developers

at all levels in the process of buying and reselling.

Fan Xiao: "Of course the developers make money

in the process. Once a developer successfully bids

for a project, he will immediately get a large loan

from banks. With the loan, he then becomes

a general contractor and will profit hugely through

distributing the project work. But he doesn't

care about the subsequent problems."

Generally speaking, officials and merchants can get

what they want through colluding with each other.

But why many experts and scholars with high repute

are involved too and welcome these hydro projects?

Fan Xiao: "These experts do related environmental

assessments for hydroelectric station developers,

and in return, receive funds from them

for assessment projects. In the past, many of the

assessment projects done by these experts were

requested by developers and they have

cooperated well with each other for a while now."

Fan Xiao said that Nujiang's development will

surely have significant impact on local residents.

Because of the steep mountains along the two sides

of Nujiang River, Lisuzu and Nuzu people formerly

inhabiting the mountains, have recently moved

to the stream valleys along the two sides of Nujiang.

If the hydro project takes place, the fertile land and

the most populated areas there will be flooded.

People who moved here from mountains will need

to go back, which will harm the local ecosystem.

If tens of thousands of people are moving away,

their life will be totally changed considering

the expected compensation they will get.

NTD reporters Zhao Xinzhi and Wang Mingyu.