【禁聞】律師宣誓制度 被稱維權緊箍咒

【新唐人2012年3月23日訊】在大陸要當律師，必須在取得執業許可後三個月內，宣示「效忠國家、擁護共產黨和社會主義制度」。這是大陸司法部最近下令即將實行的律師宣誓制度。分析人士認為，這是北京當局對律師進一步加強管控的措施，原因是，近年來從事維權工作最多的行業，就是律師。

中共司法部最近出臺的《關於建立律師宣誓制度的決定》，要求律師宣示「對共產黨效忠」，引來爭議。在世界許多國家和地區，律師在執業前也要進行宣誓，不過他們宣誓的誓詞，大多是遵守憲法和法律以及維護司法公正。

早在2000年6月，中國「律師協會」就制定了《關於實行律師執業宣誓制度的決定》，不過當時並沒有有效執行。去年中共當局在對異見人士的鎮壓行動中，未經指控就拘捕了幾十名維權律師，輿論認為，這項新制度是在加強對律師業的管控。

對此，大陸作家陳永苗表示，宣示制度是要達到控制律師的目地。

陳永苗：「例如說，像維權律師這樣群體出來之後，那就產生了對它政治產生了很大衝擊，所以它覺得就是可能市場化來說，對律師來說，他產生了土壤，他不聽體制的話，譬如說參加維權活動，或是對維權事件提供法律服務，替法輪功也提供法律服務，所以他就想加強對律師的政治領導和政治控制。」

司法部律師公證工作指導司負責人向媒體表示，誓詞內容充分體現了「律師是『中國特色社會主義』法律工作者的政治定位和職業定位」。

陳永苗表示，律師要「忠於共產黨、維護社會主義」的話，就會對律師的執業產生很大的限制。當初他就是因為不滿這兩個條款，而丟了律師執照。

陳永苗：「例如說，本來應該做無罪辯護的，就被要求做有罪辯護，那麼就出現非常多的律師辯護權的限制，跟（限制）律師的執業行為。例如說，按照中國法律，對中國法輪功案子的辯護或是一個訴訟的行為，那律師就不能做，對群體性的案子律師是不准做的，你這個就不滿足『忠於中國共產黨，維護社會主義』這兩條啦。」

美國華府人權律師葉寧表示，所有的個人、團體、黨派、武裝力量，必須在憲法、法律下面，宣示效忠共產黨這個特殊的利益團體，才能獲得律師資格的話，那律師執行法律業務時的超然立場，就蕩然無存了。

葉寧：「這樣一種宣示制度，真是大開歷史倒車，中共現在這些權貴、資本主義的維穩派，在高唱政治改革的調子，一方面出臺的儘是那些極權主義的政治垃圾。甚麼刑事訴訟法73條，可以無限期的秘密關押，可以進行這種人身迫害和自由的失蹤，讓中國的公民權處於隨時可以被失蹤的這種境地。」

而輿論對於規定律師宣誓效忠共產黨，更是議論紛紛，許多人認為宣誓沒有實際意義，還有人舉貪官為例說，當年貪官入黨時也曾宣過誓，但根本沒有起到制約作用。

採訪/朱智善 編輯/李庭 後製/周平

China New Lawyers Oath Policy

To become or remain a lawyer in China, one must now

“declare loyalty to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).”

This is the upcoming system of lawyers』 oath

which was newly ordered by the Ministry of Justice.

Analysts believe this measure of Beijing authorities

further strengthens the control over lawyers.

In recent years, the sector most engaged

in human rights protection work is lawyers』.

CCP's Ministry of Justice recently issued

“decisions on establishment of lawyers』 oath system.”

This requires lawyers to declare loyalty to CCP,

which has caused some controversy.

In many countries and regions of the world,

lawyers also need to declare oath before their practice.

However, their oaths declare that they will abide the law

and the Constitution, as well as the interests of justice.

In June 2000, China Lawyers Association established

“decisions on implementation of lawyers』 oath system.”

However, it was not implemented effectively at that time.

In the crackdown on dissidents last year, CCP authorities

arrested dozens of human rights lawyers without charge.

Public opinion believes that this new system

is to strengthen the management and control over lawyers.

In this regard, mainland China writer Chen Yongmiao said

that the declaration policy is to achieve control.

Chen Yongmiao: “Groups like the human rights lawyers

had a great impact on politics.

The market-oriented lawyers produced in such a soil

don』t follow the requirements of the system.

Lawyers participate in human rights activities; provide legal

services to Falun Gong practitioners or human rights events.

So CCP wants to strengthen its political leadership

and political control over the lawyers.”

The Head of Justice Department』s Lawyers Notary Guidance

spoke to the media about the issue.

The oath embodies the political and professional orientation

of lawyers as legal workers of "socialism with Chinese characteristics," the Head said.

Chen Yongmiao believes that if lawyers have to be loyal

to CCP, this will impose serious restrictions on them.

The dissatisfaction with these two provisions

were the reason for Chen to lose his lawyer』s license.

Chen Yongmiao: “If someone wanted to plead not guilty,

CCP authorities will ask the lawyers to do a guilty plea.

Then there will be a lot of restrictions to lawyers』 plea,

as well as to lawyers』 actions in the practice.

According to CCP』s law, lawyers are not allowed to defend

a Falun Gong case or lawsuit.

As to the case of mass events,

lawyers are not allowed to get involved.

If you do, it will not meet the two clauses

of “loyalty to CCP and maintenance of socialism.”

Ye Ning, a rights lawyer in Washington DC,

spoke on the topic.

Ye asks, if loyalty is to be legally declared to serve interest

groups like CCP, where would the objectivity of lawyers go?

Ye Ning: "Such a declaration system

is really reversing history』s wheel.

The stability maintenance camp of CCP』s rich and powerful

capitalists are singing the tune of a political reform.

On the other hand, what they issue

is all totalitarian political garbage.

With such Code of Criminal Procedure 73,

it (CCP) can detain people for unlimited time.

They can conduct an act of missing of a person,

persecuting him and infringing on his personal freedom.

This can put some Chinese citizens in a situation

of always being missing."

With regard to these latest lawyers』 regulations,

the public is in hot discussion.

Many believe that the oath has no practical benefits.

People give as an example the corrupt officials.

The corrupt officials also declare their oath to CCP, but this

does not play a restrictive role at all, the public points out.