【禁聞】深藏的裂紋 不安的高鐵

【新唐人2011年8月23日訊】「中國北車集團公司」近期召回54輛CRH380BL型動車。與兩年前動車生產質量問題“內部處理”相比，中共鐵道部選擇了“公開召回”。但22號有媒體曝光，大舉召回動車的真正原因，竟然是在關鍵的動力軸方面發現不明裂紋，而對此，鐵道部並沒有公布。

8月11號，「中國北車」公告召回正在京滬高鐵運營的54列CRH380BL型動車組，召回之舉，距離京滬高鐵正式運行不到一個半月，距離已公布的運行試驗階段的啓動日（5月11日），也僅三個月而已。

「北車集團」在公告中說：「中國北車所屬長客股份公司生產的CRH380BL型動車組連續發生熱軸報警誤報、自動降弓、牽引丟失等故障，大多因分供方配件不合格所致，在運營現場難以快速排查和有效整改。」

但是8月22號出版的財新《新世紀》週刊披露，2011年7月15號，濟南車輛段動車所的探傷工喬兆紅，在通過探傷器對一輛編號為6209L的高鐵列車例行檢查時發現，在這輛「中國北車」生產的CRH380BL列車上，超聲波探測第11節車廂的車軸時，屏幕顯示反射波幅度異常，這意味著該處存在內部缺陷。後來的探傷報告顯示，這是一處裂紋，該缺陷在靠近齒輪處，長7.1毫米、高2.4毫米。報告要求，對該軸進行「換軸」處理。

財新《新世紀》說，事實上，動車車軸發現不明原因的缺陷已不止一次。早在今年6月，就有類似報告。幾份問題報告所提及更換的輪軸都發生在動力車，而且空心軸內缺陷部位，多靠近電機和齒輪的壓裝部位。

「車軸」是連接列車輪對的關鍵部件，對列車安全關係重大。據高鐵技術規範，動力軸如果出現2毫米或超過2毫米的材質缺陷，就達到報廢標準；如不報廢，繼續使用，萬一高鐵列車動力軸出問題，列車將會從軌道上飛出去，造成車毀人亡的慘劇。

這節車輛正式上路運營不過半個月，就在關鍵的動力軸處發現不明裂紋，專家認為，這不大可能是機械疲勞導致，如果不是探傷器出問題或者探傷工誤操作，就只能是材質問題或者工藝缺陷。

據財新《新世紀》調查，CRH380BL的輪對供應商是「智奇鐵路設備有限公司」，公司實際控制人，就是因賄賂前鐵道部部長劉志軍而名聲大噪的山西女商人丁書苗。

直到現在，鐵道部和「北車集團」始終沒有對外披露濟南車輛段發現動力軸不明缺陷一事。在更換了車軸之後，這輛列車和其他同樣型號、使用同一家供應商供應的輪對的列車，依然以每小時300公里的速度在京滬高鐵上繼續奔跑。

「中南大學」城市軌道交通研究所教授王成立：「這個還是中國『大幹，快上』搞出來的問題。你很多配件上不配套的，東拼西湊，你湊起來有些不行的。鐵道部又否認是車軸有裂紋，你那個車軸有裂紋了那當然問題就很大了。」

《新世紀》說，北車召回的背後，還有太多在公眾視線以外的謎，這正是真正的危險所在。

據不完全統計，京滬高鐵開通不足一個月，

已有五起被媒體曝光的故障；去年以來，武廣高鐵至少有三起故障；滬杭高鐵兩起；福廈高鐵一起。

新唐人記者代靜、尚燕、薛莉採訪報導。

Hidden Fissures and Uneasy Railway

China North Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry (Group)

Corporation (CNR) recently recalled

54 CRH380BL high-speed trains it produced.

Two years ago, it tried to handle problems “behind closed

doors.” Now, it is publicly recalling the trains.

Media reports said on Aug. 22, the real reason for the recall

was unknown cracks on the main axle.

However, the Ministry of Railways did not make this public.

Aug. 11, CNR openly recalled 54 CRH380BL trains

in operation on the Beijing-Shanghai Railway.

It is less than a month and a half from the start of pilot testing,

and only three months from the first day of operation (May 11).

CNR said in the announcement: "CNR-produced CRH380BL

trains have continuous problems with the thermal-axle,

loss of traction, and other failures.

Most of them are caused by quality problems and cannot be

solved by on-site investigation and rectification.”

According to the Aug. 22nd issue of “New Century” magazine,

on July 15, 2011, Jinan vehicle inspector Qiao Zhaohong

found abnormalities in a high-speed train numbered 6209L.

Further investigation revealed that there is a crack near the gear,

7.1 mm long 2.4 mm high.

The report required replacement of the axle.

New Century reported that this is not the first discovery of

unknown defects.

Early in June, a similar report also required axle replacement

of several high-speed trains.

Most of the defects are near the motor and gear.

Axle is a key component to connect train wheels,

thus essential to railway safety.

According to high-speed railway technical specifications, if

there are material defects of 2 mm or more on the power axle,

the axle must be abandoned,

otherwise the train might fly off the track, causing a crash.

This train has shown severe defects

within half a month in operation.

Experts believe that this is unlikely to be caused

by mechanical fatigue.

If it is not mistaken detection,

it must be a quality control problem.

New Century』s investigation shows that CRH380BL』s

supplier is Zhiqi Railway Corporation.

Its actual executive is Ding Shumiao, who was reported to

have bribed the imprisoned ex-Minister of Railways Liu Zhijun.

The Ministry of Railways and the CNR have not

publicly recognized the unknown defects in the power axle.

After the axle replacement, this train resumed its operation

at 300 kph from Beijing to Shanghai.

There are many other trains of similar models supplied by

Zhiqi Railway Corporation.

Wang Chengli, Professor in the Institute of Urban Rail Transit

at Central South University:

This is the consequence of China』s “big and fast” projects.

With a patchwork of many problematic parts,

there will be problems.

Axle crack is of course a big problem,

but the Ministry of Railways denies it.

New Century said that aside from the recalled trains,

there are still many other mysteries about Chinese railways.

These are the real dangers.

Within one-month of operation, the Beijing-Shanghai

high-speed railway has had five reported malfunctions.

Since last year, the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway

has at least three failures, two on the Shanghai-Hangzhou line,

and one on the Fuzhou-Xiamen line.

NTD reporters Dai Jing, Shang Yan and Xue Li